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语法要点：直接引语和间接引语属于宾语从句范畴。直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话， 或引用自己说过的话，叫间接引语。由于时间、地点以及人物都有可能起变化，所以间接引语中的时态、人称、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1. 直接引语和间接引语的转换方法
① 间接引语语序改为陈述句语序
陈述句用 that 引导，口语中常省略 She said，例：
“I am going to the cinema. ”
→ She said (that) she was going to the cinema.
② 一般疑问句
用if/whether连接，例：
“Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.
→ She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.
③ 反意疑问句
用if/whether连接，例：
He asked，“You are a doctor， aren’t you?”
→ He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.
④ 特殊疑问句
由原疑问词连接(如疑问代词是主语，不要改变语序)，例：
He asked, “Who will come to help us?”
→ He asked who would come to help them.
She said, “Where have you been， Simon?”
→ She asked Simon where he had been.
⑤ 选择疑问句
由 whether…or 引导，例：
Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”
→ Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.
⑥ 祈使句
用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something” 结构，将动词原形变为动词不定式，例：
“Put up your hands，” said the teacher.
→ The teacher told them to put up their hands.
“Don’t play football on the street，” the policeman said.
→ The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.
2. 时态的变化
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应变化：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 → 一般过去时
现在进行时 → 过去进行时
现在完成时 → 过去完成时
一般过去时 → 过去完成时
过去完成时 → 过去完成时(不变)
一般将来时 → 过去将来时
3. 指示代词、时间状语和地点状语，直接引语变间接引语时的变化
① 指示代词
this →that
these → those
② 时间状语
now → then
today → that day
tonight → that night
this morning(week， month…) → that morning(week， month …)
tomorrow → the next day
next week(month…) → the next week(month …)
yesterday → the day before
last week(month…) → the week(month…) before
three days(a year …) ago → three days(a year …) before
③ 地点状语 here → there
④ 动词 come → go
特别提示：以上变化要根据说话的实际情况来定，不要机械地照搬。假如就在当地转述，here 就不必改为there;如果就在当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。
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