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高中期末诊断-高三英语期末之动词用法！元旦过后，马上就要到期末诊断了。大家接触了十几年的英语，单词一定积累了不少的单词。大家对于动词的用法了解多少呢？比如，各类固定搭配的用法。爱智康助力诊断，下面是高中期末诊断-高三英语期末之动词用法希望对同学们有帮助！
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高中期末诊断-高三英语期末之动词用法(一)
一、系动词(link-v)。 句子结构：①主语+系动词+表语(S+V.+P)
连系动词不能独立做谓语，必须跟表语一起构成谓语。系动词后的表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句等。系动词无被动形式。
(1) 表示特征或状态： be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, feel, turn out, prove等。
1) It sounds a good idea.
2) This food tastes good.
3) The door remained closed.
(2) 表示持续： keep, remain, stay, lie, stand等。
1) I hope you will keep fit.
2) We can remain friends.
3) Please stay seated.
(3) 表示变化： become, go, get, grow, turn, fall, come, run等。
1) He went mad.
2) His hair turned grey.
3) I fell ill.
二、不及物动词。不及物动词后面通常不跟宾语，且无被动形式。句子结构：②主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)。
1) Birds can fly.
2) I can jump high.
其他不及物动词：agree, arrive, arise, belong, come, die, dive, exist, fall, flow, go, happen, hurry, rise, listen, look, rise, run, sit, sail, succeed walk, work, stay等.
不及物动词若要跟宾语，必须在其后加介词方可再接宾语(Vi+prep.+O).
1) Look at me !
2) Sit on the stool!
高中期末诊断-高三英语期末之动词用法(二)
三、及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语，且可以用于被动语态。句子结构如下：
1. ③主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O)
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
还有forget, receive, see, say, supply, select, show, take, raise, visit, spend等
2. ④主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)(S+Vt+sb+sth)
1) Please show me the letter.
2) Please hand me the book over there.
3) Can you buy me a meal?
4) John has sent Betty a cheque of $1000.
5) I will give you the latest newsletter.
6) She made me a beautiful dress.
若要先说出直接宾语(事物)，后说间接宾语(人)，则要借助于介词to或for, 如：
1) He brings cookies to me every day.
2) She made a beautiful dress for me.
常跟双宾语的动词:
(需借助to的) ask, bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write等。
(需借助for 的) buy, call, cook, choose, find, get, make, order, sing, save等。
3. ⑤主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+O.C)
宾补的定义：有些及物动词带了宾语后还需要有一个补足成分才能使句子完整，这个补足成分就叫做宾语补足语，用来说明宾语的行为、特征、状态、身份等。宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。
主要有下面几种类型：
1. Vt+宾语+名词 She found him a very clever boy.
2. Vt+宾语+形容词 He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting.
3. Vt+宾语+副词或介词短语 To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.
4. Vt+宾语+to do They asked me to go fishing.
类似动词：tell, beg, force, wish, want, expect, advise, permit, order, persuade等
5. 及物动词+宾语+doing/do/done
I saw you taking the key out of your pocket when I came in.
I saw you take the key out of your pocket.= I saw the key taken out of your pocket.
类似动词：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have等
四、既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。
1) Our game begins.
2) Let us begin our game.
3) “I’m sorry,” he answered.
4) He didn’t answer my question.
类似动词：start, sing, close, consider, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve, increase…
五、既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。
1) He lifted his glass and drank. (vt举起)
2) We saw the mountain when the clouds lifted(vi消散).
类似动词：beat (vi.跳动 vt.打) grow (vi.生长 vt.种植) hang (vi.悬挂 vt.绞死) smell (vi.闻起来 vt.嗅)
巩固训练(找错误)
1)When did Susan marry to Paul? 2)She is laughing the crippled man.
3)Who will answer to this question? 4)He arrived London yesterday.
5)The children are listening the music. 6)Children must obey to their parents.
7)The tiger attacked on the boy. 8)He hopes to serve for his nation.
9)His idea is sounded reasonable. 10)Nothing is remained to do.
说明：上述①②③④⑤为五种基本句型。
高中期末诊断-高三英语期末之动词用法(三)
1.实义动词分为及物与不及物, 及物动词要求有宾语, 能用于被动语态; 不及物动词不能有宾语, 不能用于被动语态
2.实义动词还可分为持续动词与瞬间动词, 前者可以与表示段时间的时间状语连用, 而后者不可. 但瞬间动词的否定式表示“该动作没有发生”, 可视为一种可持续的状态, 并可与段时间状语连用
a. They watched the train leave for five minutes. ( watch是持续动词)
b. I received his letter yesterday. ( receive是瞬间动词)
c. How long have you joined the army ?(错误: joined是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用)
d. When did you join the army ? (正确)
e. How long have you been in the army ? (正确)
f. How long may I borrow the book ? (错误: borrow是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用)
g. How long may I keep the book ? (正确)
h. I haven’t received his letter for almost two months. (not receive表示“没有收到”, 这一意思可视为一种持续的状态, 因此可以和段时间two months连用)
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