2019北京高一期中考试英语备考知识点

2019-03-22 20:36:06 　来源：网络整理

　　2019北京高一期中诊断英语准备知识点！每次诊断之后，大家有总结的习惯吗？诊断之后做总结是非常好的学习习惯，大家一定要坚持住，你现在养成的习惯都是在为高考较准备哦！下面是小编给大家整理的2019北京高一期中诊断英语准备知识点!同学们，加油啊！

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　　2019北京高一期中诊断英语准备知识点(一)

　　定语从句

　　一、考点聚焦

　　1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语

　　2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后

　　Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.

　　3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词

　　(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。

　　(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：

　　①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。

　　This is the place which is worth visiting.

　　②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。

　　There are many places we can visit(them)in China.

　　4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词

　　关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。

　　关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。

　　5、确定关系词的步骤

　　(1)先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。

　　(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。

　　6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which

　　(1)先行词被①形容词更高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。

　　(2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。

　　(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。

　　He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.

　　(4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。

　　The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.

　　(5)当主句中含有疑问词which时。

　　Which are the books that you bought for me ?

　　7、宜用which而不用that的情况

　　(1)在非限制性定语从句中

　　(2)在关系词前有介词时

　　(3)当先行词本身是that时

　　(4)当关系词离先行词较远时

　　8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词

　　(1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。

　　(2)先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。

　　(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。

　　Who is that girl that is standing by the window?

　　(4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。

　　9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：

　　Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?

　　There is a room, whose window faces the river.

　　There is a room, the window of which faces the river.

　　10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。

　　(1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many(much)中，从句都用as 引导。

　　Such books as you bought are useful.

　　The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.

　　注意：区别①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。They are such

　　lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.

　　(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。

　　区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。

　　He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.

　　There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.

　　As is known, the earth is round, not flat.

　　11、关系副词when与where、why、that

　　when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which

　　where指地点 = in / at / from / which

　　why指原因 = for which

　　当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。(非正式场合)

　　I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.

　　当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。

　　This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.

　　12、必须注意的问题

　　(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。

　　(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。

　　①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。

　　②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。

　　③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。

　　It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)

　　It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句)

　　(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

　　①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。

　　②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。

　　Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)

　　We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)

　　(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。

　　①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。

　　②关系词作表语。

　　(5)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。

　　(6)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。

　　(7)几个特殊的定语从句句型：

　　①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks

　　in the match.(句中one为先行词)

　　He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students为先行词)

　　②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?

　　Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?

　　③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.

　　④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.

　　2019北京高一期中诊断英语准备知识点(二)

　　重点词组：

　　1. fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如：

　　He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。

　　Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗?

　　He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。

　　2. hunt for = look for寻找

　　I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。

　　hunt for a job 找工作

　　3. in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to. 如:

　　He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.

　　In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。

　　4. care about

　　1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care for

　　She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。

　　2)关心 = care for

　　She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people.

　　她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。

　　3)在乎，在意(接从句或不接任何成分)

　　These young people care nothing about what old people might say.

　　这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。

　　5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。

　　She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。

　　6. drop * 　 a line 留下便条, 写封短信

　　7、make yourself at home 别客气;随便;无拘束

　　(1) If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.

　　如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。

　　8、stay up 不睡;熬夜

　　(1) I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.

　　我将回家很晚，不要等我了。

　　(2) He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.

　　他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。

　　9、come about 引起;发生;产生

　　(1)How did the accident come about?

　　这场事故是怎么发生的?

　　(2) They didn't know how the change had come about.

　　他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。

　　10、except for 除……之外

　　(1) except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：

　　①He answered all the questions except the last one.

　　除去较后一个，他回答了所有问题。

　　②We go there every day except Sunday.

　　除了星期天，我们天天去那里。

　　(2)except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如：

　　①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.

　　除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。

　　②Your picture is good except for the colours.

　　你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。

　　(3)但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述先进个例子可以是：

　　He answered all the questions except for the last one.

　　(4) 另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。如：

　　We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.

　　除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。

　　2019北京高一期中诊断英语准备知识点(三)

　　重点句型

　　1.“So + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。

　　例如 He’s tired，and so am I.(=I’ m also tired.)

　　You can swim，and so can I.(=I can also swim.)

　　She has had supper，and so can I.(=I’ve had lunch，too.)

　　Tom speaks English，and so does his sister.(=His sister speaks English，too.)

　　A: I went to the park yesterday.

　　B: So did I.(=I also went to the park yesterday.)

　　2.“So +主语+be/have/助动词/情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。

　　例如 A：It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。B：So it was.的确如此。(=Yes，it was.)

　　A：You seem to like sports.B：So I do.(=Yes，I do.)

　　A：It will be fine tomorrow.B：So it will.(=Yes ，it will.)

　　3.“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。

　　My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed in

　　my composition on time.) 语文老师叫我按时交作文, 我照办了。

　　4.So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……(的情况)也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。

　　She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.

　　5、There you are. 行了，好。

　　这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了较终结果的用语。如：

　　There you are! Then let's have some coffee.除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧(果然如此)”的语气。例如：There you are! I knew we should find it at last.对吧!我就知道我们较终能找到的。

　　6、have some difficulty (in) doing sth.

　　干某事有困难;接名词时，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.

　　①Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding English?你理解英语口语有困难吗?

　　②She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她说她在发音方面有困难。

　　7、have a good knowledge of sth.

　　“掌握……”，“对……有某种程度的了解”

　　①He has a good knowledge of London.他对伦敦有所了解。

　　②A good knowledge of languages is always useful.

　　8、Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.

　　一棵又一棵的树被水冲倒、冲断。那水肯定有三米深。

　　“must have + 过去分词”表示对已发生事情的猜测。在英语中，must，may，can三个情态动词可用来表示对事情的猜测。Must意为“肯定”，语气很有把握;may意为“可能”、“也许”，语气把握性不大。两者常用在肯定句中。Can意为“肯定”、“也许”，常用在否定句或疑问句中。Must，may，can三者用于表示猜测时，其后面可跟三种不同的动词形式：1)跟动词原形表示对现在事情的猜测;

　　2)跟be doing表示对正在发生事情的猜测;3)跟have done表示对已经发生的事情的猜测。例如：

　　Helen is Lucy’s good friend. She must know Lucy’s e-mail.海伦是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的电子邮件。

　　We can hear loud voices in the meeting room. They must be quarrelling.我们可以听到会议

　　室很吵。他们肯定在吵架。

　　I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago. He can’t have gone to Australia.我刚才还在大门口见

　　过杰夫。他不可能去了澳大利亚。

　　9、Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生，很有趣。

　　fun “好玩，趣事”，不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词a。

　　You’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。

　　make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a

　　strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。

　　funny adj. “可笑的，滑稽的”。He looks very funny in his father’s jacket.他穿着他父亲