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分析
从例2可以看出，综合往往是以分析为基础的，没有分析就无法综合，二者紧密联系的。其实，阅读理解往往是沿着”分析——综合，再分析——再综合……。”的轨迹前进的。因此，提高阅读理解能力的根本途径，是提高分析能力。
分析也是一种抽象思维方法。分析短文是短文分析解成若干部分，并分别或仅对某一部分加以研究，是一种由表及里，从整体到局部，去伪存真，去粗存精的思维认识过程。因此我们对短文进行分析，并不仅仅是机械地将短文分解成若干部分，更重要的是要搞清各部分的内在联系，事情发展的前因后果及规律。
阅读理解过和是经常使用的分析方法大致有如下几种：
1、定性分析。 阅读理解中，最重要的分析方法是定性分析，这是语言的描述性功能所决定的。所谓定性分析就是针对某一特定内容作出判断分析，用最能说明这一特定内容本质特点的词语加以表达，而这些词语又不能是短文中的原话。
例3
kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person a person the desire to steal 。 such a person is not really a thief。 They are sick and can not help themselves……
which of the following words can best replace the word desire in the first sentence ?
A change B power C right D wish
通过上下文，或对单词desire的所了解，是容易断定desire的意思是”欲望”的，因此正确答案是{D}对于单词，句子进行定性分析的时时时候，绝不能脱离其上下文。不认真推敲上下文，就不能准确地作出判断。
例4
I had just gone to had after very hard day when the phone rang。 It was an eccentric farmer。 I had never met him before although I had often heard people take about him。 He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything。 Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had a had accident 。 I hadn’t the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go 。
It had been snowing heavily that day and I didn’t know the way。 I had been driving for at least an hour when I finally found his place。 He was standing there ， waiting for me 。it seemed Milly had died。 “she meant more to me than anyone……even my own wife。” He said 。 I could see that he had been crying 。 I thought something terrible had taken place ， a possible scandal。 I was even more shocker when he told me he had put her in the barn 。”I wouldn’t leave her out in the cold。” He said 。
Milly had clearly been a secret lover of his 。 I was about to tell him he could not expect me to cover anything up when he opened the barn door。 He lifted his candle and I saw a dark figure on the ground 。”she was suck a good cow。” I wouldn’t let anyone but a doctor touch her。” She said ，and burst into tears again。
1、the person who told the story is probably a ________。
A farmer
B policeman
C country doctor
D newspaper reporter
2、the underlined phrase make out in the first paragraph means________
a expect b understand c see clearly d hear clearly
第一题的答案我们地阅读过程是一直是模模糊糊的，直到最后才能确定，应该为{C}。在第二题中，短语make out 的词典意义是 “辨认出”和 “理解”的意思，一般人容易想到{C}，{D}两个选项。上下文告诉我们，这是一项电话约请医生出诊，所以{C}可以排除。但至此还不能轻易二结论。仔细推敲一下上下文，就会发现{D}项中的副词clearly 有点不对劲。这位怪僻的农夫焦燥不安，语无伦次，根本就没把话说清楚。医生只是模模糊糊地了解到有一个人出了车祸，要他去抢救。如果他听得清清楚楚，后面还会闹这么大的误会吗。认真分析短文以后，我们只能舍{D}。正确的是{B}。
例5
the idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange， but that’s exactly what motor engineers are doing in Germany and some other countries。
Carmaker’s research and development laboratories have already proved that mixing in more noise with the help of loud-speakers can reduce the unwanted noise。
Physicists have known about the technique for a long time。 Sound is made up of pressure waves in the air 。if two sound waves of the same frequency mix so that the highest point of one wave happens at the same time with the lowest point of one wave， the result is no sound 1 therefore ，by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave cycle ，we can kill the unwanted noise。 Using this teaching many carmakers are racing to develop noise-killing system both inside and outside the cars
