2021上海中考英语：动词的语态之被动语态变主动语态

　　初中英语知识点动词的语态：被动语态变主动语态
　　1.主动语态改被动语态的方法
　　①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语
　　②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构
　　③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。
　　eg.He broke the glass.→The glass was broken by him.
　　*含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位;②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。
　　eg.He gave the boy an apple.→The boy was given an apple.(或An apple was given to the boy.)
　　*不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。
　　eg.They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched to sing that morning.
　　*短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。
　　eg.We must take good care of the young trees.→The young trees must be taken good care of.
　　*含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式。
　　eg.All of the students know that the headmaster will come back tomorrow.→It is known that the headmaster will come back tomorrow.
　　2.被动语态改为主动语态的方法
　　被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语，按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。
　　其他需要注意的地方可以参照主动变变动规则，反过来运用就行。
　　eg.This statue was made by him.→He made the statue.